French and Indian War Era, 1750-1763 | Britain, France, & North America | Amherst & Montcalm
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Publicado 2022-11-13
The French and Indian War is a critical period in American colonial history. It resulted in Britain removing French colonies and posts from North America.
In 1750, France had a large trading system with Native Americans that stretched from the St. Lawrence River across Canada, the Great Lakes, down the Mississippi River to New Orleans.
However, the British were entering the Ohio Valley. George Croghan and Christopher Gist were founding trading posts at places like Logstown in Pennsylvania and Pickawillany in the Ohio country. By 1750, France and Britain are converging on the Forks of the Ohio, the site of modern Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The French have built a chain of forts down from Lake Erie in 1753, including Fort Presque Isle, Fort Le Boeuf, and Fort Machault. In 1754, the British send George Washington to assist the Ohio Company in building a fort at the Ohio Forks.
However, when Washington is at Will's Creek, in Cumberland, Maryland, he learns that the Forks have been occupied by the French. He nevertheless presses on. He skirmishes with the French at Jumonville Glen, resulting in the death of Jumonville, a French official. The French and Indians counterattack, defeating Washington at Fort Necessity.
In 1755, the British attempt to take Fort Duquesne at the Forks of the Ohio. Braddock leads the redcoats through the woods, but they are destroyed.
The French and Natives, including Ojibwa, Ottawa, and Huron (Wyandot) warriors attack settlements in Pennsylvania and Virginia.
In 1757, the French general Montcalm takes Fort William Henry on Lake George in New York. An ambush on the retreating British en route to Fort Edward will be remembered in James Fenimore Cooper's "Last of the Mohicans."
In 1758, William Pitt, a British statesman, emerges as a major strategist. He presses for a three-pronged attack on the French, including a renewed effort against Fort Duquesne, a counterattack on Lake George and Lake Champlain, and an effort against Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.
General Forbes secures Fort Duquesne, which will become Fort Pitt. General Amherst secures Louisbourg in Canada. However, Montcalm stops Abercromby (or Abercrombie) at Fort Carillon in New York.
1759 is the year of miracles for the British. Quebec falls to Wolfe.
In 1760, the British converge on Montreal. The Governor-General of Canada, Vaudreuil, surrenders.
The French and Indian War in North America is over. However, the Seven Year's War, as it is known in Europe, continues. Britain is sided with Prussia and Hanover, while France, Spain, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony are allied on the other side.
Fighting in the Americas continues in the Caribbean. Britain seizes French Guadeloupe and Martinique. Britain also seizes Havana in Cuba.
In 1763, George III assumes the throne. Peace is secured in Paris. Britain acquires French North America east of the Mississippi. Spain assumes France's western holdings and New Orleans. Britain returns Cuba to Spain, and the sugar islands also go back to France.
Pontiac leads an inter-tribal alliance against the British. Pontiac's Rebellion of 1763 sees many British forts under attack. Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt push back the attacks. However, George III wants peace. He issues a Proclamation of 1763 which forbids white settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
This film was created by Jeffrey Meyer, Librarian and Historian
Music Credits:
"A Ghost Town" by Quincas Moreira
"Dead Forest" by Brian Bolger
Todos los comentarios (21)
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This was simply great, Jeffrey. Hard work well done yet again - organizing a lot of data through a focus on sequence and geography. Thanks!
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As usual you bring much clarity to a chaotic situation previously only seen as disparate actions.
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i'm from the uk and i have always wanted this kind of history lesson on the colonizing of North America. I have watched your videos from the 1500's to 1763 and i finally understand what went on and i find it fascinating. i really hope you continue with a post 1763 video and i would also love to know more of the ongoing colonizing of the west. well done for this effort and thank you.
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Keep going bro 👊 Can't wait for the next episode. :)
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Thank you for teaching this 3rd grade teacher! My class is moving into 'Life in the Colonies' and I watched your series to gain knowledge before I attempt to teach. I love your color-coded maps and easy to follow sequence of events. Thank you!
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Another fantastic video, thank you
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Nice video. Thank You! I live in SW PA. When I visit my friend’s farm some 50mi southeast of me I go through Uniontown and then take route 40 (the Old National Pike) and pass Jumonville retreat, Braddock’s Grave/Fort Necessity, and Washington’s Tavern.
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Absolutely fascinating and so well put together, thank you.
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Another excellent video! Why don't you license these videos to high school teachers? You're teaching 11 weeks of information in a 34 minute video.
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Really great series, highly informative, and brilliantly presented, thanks! 😃🤗
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Incredible content; great work!
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A touching ancestry moment at 26:00 when Wolfe's forces round the Gaspe down to Quebec. One of my 4 grandparents was a Collins and directly descended from Wolfe's navigator and aide de camp. Sir John Collins accepted a land grant near Kingston Ontario and his name lives on due to a notorious prison at Collins Bay.
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This channel just gets better and better and better. This video does the best job of using maps to explain why the French and Indian war happened. Marvelous job.
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Great stuff, thanks! By breaking the events into bite sized pieces a muddy situation becomes, if not exactly transparent, a great deal clearer.
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After the War, the French also kept the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, just off the coast of Newfoundland, as a guarantee of having good fishing grounds in that north Atlantic area.
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Fascinating - well done! Those shots of the trees though lol : )
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Well done..! Living in western PA, I knew some of this.. but, seeing it laid out on a map in a timeline was very informative and entertaining....!
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Brilliant, keep em coming👍
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Bravo on the series! I'm sure many viewers like me watch the videos with preconceived notions, family lore, and genealogy in mind, and we don't want to skip anything. Well done.
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very well done! Thank you
