A (Brief) History of Brain Sciences

Published 2021-09-08
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Neuroscience and psychology have a lot in common. But where does one begin and the other end? What are the differences? And how did we end up with these two different-yet-overlapping fields? It turns out that the history of brain science is diverse and winding, with roots going back to some of the earliest philosophers. In this video, both of us (Alie and Micah) will give you a very brief history of brain science, tell you exactly when psychology and neuroscience diverged from one another, and maybe more importantly, reveal how they still intersect.

This episode was sponsored by Ryan Shaver, a philosophy graduate student and long-time supporter of Neuro Transmissions. He suggested the video topic and helped us refine the script. Thanks, Ryan, for all of your support and feedback. We appreciate you!

To learn more about - well, basically all of this stuff, you should buy our book, Brains Explained! amzn.to/3hkmCdo

Video about Freud:    • What is Psychoanalysis?  
Video about Ramon y Cajal and Golgi:    • The Black Stain That Changed Neurosci...  
Video about the giant squid axon:    • How The Giant Squid Axon Changed Neur...  

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Chapters:
0:00 What inspired this video
2:05 Neuroscience vs. Psychology
5:36 Proto brain sciences
8:22 "Old" brain sciences
11:30 Modern brain sciences
15:13 Brain sciences today
18:56 There's more in common
20:25 Buy our book!

Citations:
There are too many individual citations for us to list in this description, but shoot us a comment or a note if you’d like any of the specific information we referenced!

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All Comments (21)
  • @NanoWaver
    Thanks a lot Ryan for supporting this channel
  • @Fjado
    Let me know if you need a kidney, Ryan
  • @tarickw
    The cat is definitely the star of the video
  • Thank you so much for this! :) As a philosophy and now also neuroscience student and history of science enthusiast this has all I would've ask to be in a perfect video. Definitely buying your book soon.
  • @yana.rya_____
    Interesting topic! I'm really interested in multidisciplinary approaches to psychology - integrating neuroscience and biology to understand ourselves a bit more :) theres some really interesting research looking at the microbiome and how that may be linked to depression and anxiety
  • @teteraf
    The difference between neuroscience and psychology looks analogous to the physics-chemistry divide. The analogy breaks at the mind/soul mystery.
  • @Cognic
    Very interesting video! I did a whole playlist of videos on the history of Neuroscience but you guys summed it up in one video! PS: I'm really enjoying reading your book!
  • @chat-arina
    I live in a university town in Sweden and one way the students, and others, get “test subjects” is by offering money, if it concerns medical studies where the subject gets something extracted or injected to their body or if it’s something that the subject have to do over a longer period of time. Almost everyone else in other studies gets offered movie tickets, through cooperation with the university and the largest movie theatre chain in the country. Most who apply are still young people, most of them white. Unless the students, or other, actively search for other subjects, which takes more time.
  • @NicoAssaf
    It'd be sooo cool if you made a video on neurophilosophy and the different views on the consciousness debate (dualism, identity theories, idealism, mysterianism, even panpsychism). I know that that's kind of pushing the boundaries of your channel, but that's exactly the kind of content that the brain sciences need! When it comes to the hard problem of consciousness, collaboration between philosophy and science couldn't be more of a pressing issue. You tackling the topic would be perfect.
  • I was just thinking about this topic recently. Great Work! But there was no mention of trepanation, the first surgical practice used since ancient times to treat traumatic brain injury, headaches, epilepsy, and mental disorders. The fact that trepanning was common in primitive society to treat behavioral disorders (spiritual possessions, as they called them) is evidence that people knew that somehow the brain was responsible for producing behavior. This practice was common since Neolithic times in Europe, Siberia, China, and the Americas. I know the history is a bit problematic since it gave rise to the practice of lobotomy, yet it is an important piece of history nonetheless.
  • @leahalfonso7256
    Every time I watch a video about the history of any study it makes me so sad to think of everything lost in the library of Alexandria.
  • According to me, neuroscience is the hardware, and psychology is the software. Neither can function properly without the other