Helper T cells | CD4+ and B cells | Lymphocytes | Immunology
829,162
Published 2017-04-19
Helper T cells | CD4+ and B cells | Lymphocytes | Immunology
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The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. As their name suggests, they "help" the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines, small protein mediators that alter the behavior of target cells that express receptors for those cytokines. These cells help to polarize the immune response into the appropriate kind depending on the nature of the immunological insult (virus vs. extracellular bacterium vs. intracellular bacterium vs. helminth vs. fungus vs. protist). They are generally considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross-tolerance in dendritic cells, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils.
Mature Th cells express the surface protein CD4 and are referred to as CD4+ T cells. Such CD4+ T cells are generally treated as having a pre-defined role as helper T cells within the immune system. For example, when an antigen-presenting cell displays a peptide antigen on MHC class II proteins, a CD4+ cell will aid those cells through a combination of cell to cell interactions (e.g. CD40 (protein) and CD40L) and through cytokines.
00:00:00
Explaining Immunology concept with the help of an attacking bacteria;
Body's Inflammatory Response; changes in microcirculation;
Role & importance of Neutrophil response; Macrophages.
00:06:05
Immune Response to bacteria in detail; Bacterial mosaic antigenicity; Phagocytosis;
Role of lymphatics in clearing away bacterial antigens ("Free Antigens").
00:11:25
Macrophages; antigen presentation for immune system;
Explanation at the genetic level; mRNA & protein formation; antigen processing/"labelling" of antigen;
Presentation (by macrophages) of antigen to "Immune headquarters"(Lymph Node);
T & B Lymphocytes.
00:22:35
Antigen Presentation continued; Importance of MHC-II molecules in Immune Compatibility;
Expression on surface of macrophages; Antigen Presenting Cell (APC).
T-Cell Receptors (TCR); unique for every single T-cell.
00:32:45
Macrophage; Antigen Processing followed by Antigen Presentation (APC) to T-Lymphocytes;
Functioning of TCR & MHC-II in determining compatibility during the antigen-presentation process, with the T-Lymphocytes;(1st signaling).
CD4; "Clonal Selection".
00:42:40
Following Clonal Selection; Interleukin-1(IL-1) importance in "molecular talking" b/w two leukocytes.
B7 molecule & CD-28 receptor; Role in Co-stimulation (2nd signal)
Immunosuppressant drugs work on this pathway.
T-Cell Selection completion.
00:49:45
T-cell functioning; Mitosis of Selected-T-cell ensues; "Clonal Expansion".
Role of Interleukin-II(IL-2) & IL-2 receptor.
Recap.
Autocrine pathway named. T-Cell proliferation through mitosis; "Expanding of clone".
00:57:10
Recap.
T-cell functioning continued: Clonal Expansion.
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All Comments (21)
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I have never come across anyone who can explain complex processes with such simplicity. Dr Najeeb is simply the best
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I'm a SMO in Delhi. I have 15 doctors in my family all are very thankful to you. Your lectures are unique as I haven't seen such a way of teaching in my entire life. You're doing a great job for doctors and medical students. Your lectures are eye opening to us . Please make more videos on treatment and management part also . Looking forward to meet you.
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Sir ,I m microbiologist but I must confess that I never ever be able to give such type of explanation to my students 👍👍
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Best can't possibly explain the greatness of your skills. You just saved me from giving up on my career. You are a blessing. Thank you so much.
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Access 700+ videos on Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Medicine on our website at www.DrNajeebLectures.com
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Sir! I have no words to express your greatness....Your are a great blessing for medical students.lot of respect for you.
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This lecture is mind-blowing .. love from India 🇮🇳
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I’m not studying medicine but I watched this entire video! I was recently diagnosed with an autoimmune disease and this video was recommended to me. Amazing video Dr. Najeeb! I learned something new without trying. 👏🏼
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Overwhelmed ❣️I wish every medical teacher should teach student like this🖤🤗
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Sir, you have turned what seemed to be a huge mountain (Immunology) for me into a tiny nutshell! Thanks a lot sir! Very clear to understand!🙏🙏😇
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they way you deliver a lecture is nothing short of art!
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These Videos deserve Million's view ... Being a pre medical student , I'm enjoying and knowing everything so easily, Just because of Najeeb sir , I Was just familiar with terms in immunology but never know the practical stuff , you are the second dr who inspired me after dr KK Agarwal , with your Crystal clear practical explanation! (As a Laymen can also understand) Seeking to meet you soon sir🌩️💫🤞 Love from India 🇮🇳
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oh my god... I have always been confused between neutrophils and macrophages no matter how much I try. You made it so clear just in 2 minutes
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This is amazing, I have never gone through such an easy lecture on a complex immune responses, thank you sir for making a wonderful video
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I am a PGT-BIOLOGY and I have followed some of the videos of Dr Nazeeb I found them really helpful to enrich my knowledge.
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its my first lec ever in my life .. .. in which i was enjoyinng.
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Dr. Najeeb your work is so precious and easily understandable. So thankful heartly for your lectures.
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Your lectures makes me feel happy and reassured about my decision of choosing medicine...thanks a lot sir!
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Amazing lecture! I could have never imagined that somebody can present this subject so clear and understandable! Thank you!
