The Royal Title that No One Can Remember

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Published 2024-03-31
What makes something untranslatable? How about a royal title, or epithet, given to kings and fictional characters for two centuries... before vanishing without a trace.
What it left behind was a bizarre metaphor, whose direct translation means nothing, and that hasn't been figured out in over 200 years.
Welsh history is full of oddities, but it is rare to find something that cannot even be conveyed in English. In this Cambrian Chronicles video, I'll be taking a deep dive into one of the strangest aspects, not only of the history of Wales, but of all of royal history.
This is Gwledig, or wledig. This is the royal title that no one can remember, this is the untranslatable.

Chapters:
0:00 - The Untranslatable
0:34 - A Word
2:22 - The Monarchs
5:15 - Dr War
6:32 - Big Man
8:47 - Uh-Oh
11:14 - Hello
13:21 - Literary Gwledig-nificance
15:58 - Who Is? Who Isn't?

Sources (turn on captions):
Bartrum, P.C. (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000. The National Library of Wales.
[1] p.14,
[2] 84,
[3] 122,
[4] 141,
[5] 172-173,
[6] 183,
[7] 190,
[8] 281-282,
[9] 295,
[10] 300,
[11] 308, 601,
[12] 364,
[13] 384-389,
[14] 407-408,
[15] 494-495,
[16] 640-641,
[17] 706.

Bromwich, R. (2014). Trioedd Ynys Prydein. 4th ed. University of Wales Press.
[18] pp.443-444.

Charles-Edwards, T.M. (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[19] p.321.

Deansley, M. (1943). Roman Traditionalist Influence among the Anglo-Saxons. The English Historical Review, 58(203).
[20] p.1.

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru: www.geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html
[21] gwledig 1
[22] gwledig 2
[23] gwlad
[24] -ig 2

Higham, N.J. (1992). Medieval ‘overkingship’ in Wales: the Earliest Evidence. Welsh History Review, 16(2).
[25] pp.154-159

Jones, W.L. (1911). King Arthur in History and Legend. Cambridge University Press.
[26] p.17.

MacNeill, E. (1924). The Native Place of St. Patrick. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature, 37.
[27] p.135.

McClure, E. (1877). On Irish Personal Names. Dublin: Ponsonby and Murphy.
[28] p.312.

Meyrick, T. (1878). Life of St Wenefred. London: R. Washbourne.
[29] p.22.

Moffat, A. (2015). Scotland: A History from the Earliest Times. Edinburgh: Birlinn.
[30] p.CCXII

Newell, W.W. (1905). Doubts Concerning the British History Attributed to Nennius. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 20(3).
[31] p.649

Pryce, H. (1998). Owain Gwynedd and Louis VII: the Franco-Welsh Diplomacy of the First Prince of Wales. Welsh History Review, 19(1).
[32] pp.1–28.

Pugh, W.O. (1803). A Dictionary of the Welsh Language, Explained in English. London: E. Williams.
[33] Gwledig, a. (gwlâd)

Rhys, J. (1882). Early Britain, Celtic Britain. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
[34] p.116-118

Wade-Evans, A. (1909). Welsh Medieval Law. Clarendon Press.
[35] p.XXIX-X

Willis-Bund, J.W. (1892). The Early Welsh Monasteries. Archaeologia Cambrensis, 5(33).
[36] p.30.

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Music courtesy of the YouTube Audio Library:
Heaven and Hell - Jeremy Blake
Average - Patrick Patrikios
Blast From The Past - Jeremy Black
Castlevania - Density & Time
Fast Times - Quincas Moreira
Cloud Wheels, Castle Builder - Puddle of Infinity
Gas Giant - I Think I Can Help You
Cosmic Drift - DivKid
Black Swan - Quincas Moreira
Fortress Europe - Dan Bodan

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Images of, and from:
Y Ddraig Goch: Tobias Jakobs, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

all other images are public domain, via the National Library of Wales, the British Library, the Wellcome Collection the Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Yale Center for British Art

All Comments (21)
  • Thanks for watching, everyone. If you’ve seen anything on this channel before, then you know I love a good mystery, and it’s hard to find something more mysterious than a title that can’t be translated. Can’t wait for my next video, going over the dozens of epithets that actually can be translated. I also want to say thank you to everyone who voted on this topic, I think there were about 4,000 votes in total! And thank you for all of the comments, I try my best to get to all of them, but it's usually tricky when the video first comes out, I will catch up eventually!
  • @dinozone7373
    "the last time I met fifteen people, I crashed into a bus." love how deadpan that joke was
  • @Narmatonia
    Speaking of epithets reminds me of playing Crusader Kings 2, and having a ruler called "Leo the Chaste" who had 10 children
  • @Joseph_yy
    My theory is that the reason these rulers are being nicknamed “ country like” is for their exceptional taste in country music.
  • @kaji.sierra
    imagine historians in the future trying to decipher our slangs today lol
  • @user-li2yv5je5e
    Welsh character creator: Select your class [Tall, Bald, Greasy-Beard, From Gwynedd, Wledic (DLC)]
  • @haibaojing
    Here's my own theory: In Welsh there's also the word 'gwladol' ('national, civil') related to 'gwlad', and in Breton there's a cognate 'glad', which currently means 'arable land' but in older texts had the meaning of 'fiefdom'. This indicates that gwlad — or the Old Welsh equivalent — had a meaning more akin to 'country' or 'realm', with an implication of sovereignty or legitimacy. This would parallel a similar lexical development in latin, where 'pāgus' originally meant 'district' but eventually shifted to meaning 'countryside' (it's where the word pagan comes from!) It could be that 'gwledig' was an epithet used for individuals viewed as especially legitimate, or those with more extensive power over their subjects than was the norm. I'm not particularly familiar with the biographies of those rulers with the epithet though, so I'm not sure how valid this theory is. Once again thank you so much for the great video!
  • @HiroProtag
    Bro, the production value is getting better with every video and the information is so engaging. The dry jokes add so much personality to the videos. For being on such a narrow topic, this is one of the best history channels…
  • @maestrepercola
    Made me think about an unoficial adjective given to former king of Spain, John Charles I, "campechano". It means somebody down to earth and not as distant in appearance as kings are. And as Gwledig it has the same semantic root, from "campo" meaning field.
  • @pleaseuseOdysee
    I have an idea - could it mean "patriotic?" Patriot is derived from "patris," e.g. homeland, and "-otic" e.g. something that has the nature of the root word - e.g., country-like. That would explain why it's seemingly given both to certain great warlords but also poets and writers; like in the US, being patriotic doesn't necessarily denote power, just someone that loves and serves their country. In the US there is also a sense that men of the past were more patriotic than men of the present.
  • @Noel201199
    The fact that the video uses Cambria as it's font of choice is pretty meta. I love it.
  • @jadonclow1864
    I love your editing style, but I miss it when your videos went a little slower. I loved how it gave me the feeling of unravelling a mystery, slowly finding and deciphering clues. The eerie music really contributed to it as well.
  • @Fritzadood
    I had a feeling that "country like" could mean the person in some way had the same properties as the country, like "wide reaching". Or is similar to the modern "Down to earth", "grounded". Taking into consideration the possibility of it making both lord and country it could mean a lord closely tired to their country in some way. Maybe forging closer ties to rural people in their land? Those are my two cents but i trust the people who have spent decades learning about Welsh history to have more likely ideas lmao :P Amazing video! Keep it up <3
  • @KefkeWren
    One of my first thoughts when you were going over the people it's applied to was how many are notable for being ancestors. I started thinking that it could be something akin to "patriarch". Maybe it deontes someone who is seen as establishing a noteworthy lineage. The fact that there is an instance of someone who wasn't originally called gwledig, but was given the epithet in later genealogies, could indicate that it wasn't until later on that his line achieved importance enough for him to be deemed gwledig.
  • @santoven
    I didn't have getting sucked into Welsh philology on my 2024 bingo card. Fascinating, even hypnotic video. Bravo, sir.
  • This is truly one of the few channels that make you feel like you're standing on the frontier of medieval studies. Almost to the point where one's guess is as good as the next lol.
  • @Papayotin
    A classic history channel with Jon Bois-style edits is so obviously a great combo. Subscribed and excited to watch the backlog
  • @BadgerOfTheSea
    I love this channel's weird blend of early medieval imagry, 90s editing techniques, and scifi techno music
  • @TheTfrules
    That stunning and detailed depiction of Syr Thomas Williams really caught me off guard
  • This is the Jon Bois type beat of medieval history. Fantastic visual production, and fantastic conclusion. Truly captivating video!!