Einstein's Quantum Riddle | Full Documentary | NOVA | PBS

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Published 2023-01-05
Join scientists as they grab light from across the universe to prove quantum entanglement is real.

#NOVAPBS Official Website: to.pbs.org/3vqiMpg

Einstein called it “spooky action at a distance,” but today quantum entanglement is poised to revolutionize technology from computers to cryptography. Physicists have gradually become convinced that the phenomenon—two subatomic particles that mirror changes in each other instantaneously over any distance—is real. But a few doubts remain. NOVA follows a ground-breaking experiment in the Canary Islands to use quasars at opposite ends of the universe to once and for all settle remaining questions.

(Premiered January 9, 2019)

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
03:52 Is Quantum Entanglement Real?: Canary Islands Experiment
08:10 The Beginnings of Quantum Mechanics
15:26 Quantum Mechanics Explained by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen
22:39 Developments from Discovery of Quantum Theory
27:11 The First Quantum Entanglement Experiment
32:04 Quantum Computers Solving Real-World Problems
39:02 Loopholes of Quantum Entanglement
45:20 The Results of the Canary Islands Experiment
47:47 Quantum Entanglement in Modern Physics

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All Comments (21)
  • @Carolynsideas461
    The experiment with the two Quasars was the most fascinating thing I have ever seen. Gives me chills and excitement about the quantum world.
  • @matthew-jy5jp
    I don't miss a single pbs documentary. Whether it's American experience or secrets of the dead or Nova or front line. All of pbs is incredible. And people that don't know that, I feel sorry for them. PB S has been a part of my life since I was a little kid. And a truly is the best television on television
  • @jodalinkus5538
    Fascinating to witness phenomenal work done by physicists to actually minimize spatial concepts onto a computer screen for a pellucid of a nebula dynamic.
  • @MoAndAye
    FINALLY! I do not have the education or experience or training to make formal sense of all this. But even at the lay level I have followed this conversation for some time and intuitively suggested that the issue with our struggle to understand the puzzling aspects of quantum mechanics in general, and quantum entanglement specifically, is that we are failing to properly understand the concept of space. In keeping with brilliant minds of our past, we hold an inherent bias in favor of ourselves. Where we once thought that the entire universe revolves around us, even in modern times our egos insist that space must be as we experience it. Even Einstein extending this to the concept of space/time did not completely knock us of our own pedestal. For some time I have been asking sillier versions of the contemporary thinking presented here in this documentary, such as 'Why can't entangled particles simply be adhering to an adjacent position through unobservable dimensions they create for themselves once they are observed?'...or...'Maybe space is actually so tightly folded that all particles in our universe remain adjacent via other dimensions?'...or...'Perhaps we are seeing the influence of companion particles in parallel universes placed upon the observed particles in our universe, wherein the companions in that parallel universe remain adjacent?' I began asking myself these questions when I was introduced to the double-slit experiment long ago. And as I ask myself these questions (and I have asked some of these of scientists as well but never received a reply, for which I blame them not one iota), I wonder if we are seeing quantum math and theories and predictions and experiments and confirmation all as an example of mathematical parlor tricks that reveal how this all works in our experience of space, yet have still failed to divine some more elegant and underlying truth to reality? Maybe Einstein was correct about the spookiness of all this quantum stuff, and yet he was wrong all along about space itself? In contrast, quantum physicists could be wrong in what the maths are revealing to them, but they are about to end up 100% correct about space itself and will have newer and far more effective equations? And it is because this has been where my shallow understanding has been stuck for so many years, that this documentary was found to be so utterly fascinating. For that, I thank you.
  • For my thesis project, I used genomics to physically clone a mouse gene. About 1-2 years afterwards, the mouse genome was sequenced. I realized that I had wasted time cloning this gene the hard way. I don't think quantum physicists should be too upset by being told that some of their work is a waste of time. We're all on the same team.
  • @njhoepner
    The bold thinking it took to even imagine the final experiment, using quasars as filter switches...and the technological ability to then execute it. I am beyond impressed.
  • @laurapope3685
    This was a super awesome watch! I can't wait for the next one! Y'all do the best timing, always when I'm bored!
  • @glennkrieger
    It seems this documentary was released sometime in January 2023. But, it has to be at least 5 years old. The Q-bit count for the quantum computer used in this video is 72. However, the IBM Osprey, which is IBM's newest quantum computer, has a Q-bit count of 433 and was released in 2021. As knowledge doubles approximately every 12 hours, and is shrinking as we live each day, the updated PBS documentary on this subject would be even more mind blowing.
  • @TheLochs
    I LOVE science and quantum physics just blows my mind. I wish I had advanced mathematical understanding to really appreciate it.
  • @-FAX
    Great episode. Glad it premiered on YouTube.
  • The main thing I remember for quantum computing is that they are VERY good at large problems that our classic computers cannot handle very well. However, they are not at all good at being a general purpose system. In many ways they are more like the off die floating point units of the i386. That said I have also read that to this point we have continually found that classic computers are able do things that we thought were only possible by quantum computers due to better algorithms.
  • @mikecamacho1934
    So, this suggests that these entangle particles are not communicating. But always thinking the same thing at the same time and reacting to the same thing at the same time, as not to have a need to communicate. The ultimate question then is, can we use one of these entangle particles to communicate with the other particle in a far-off location in the universe? If we can accomplish this. Then we can communicate through one particle instantly to another particle somewhere in the universe bypassing time. Contemplating "Space" without "Time" is really a paradox and incomprehensible.
  • @jsnavely76
    I agree with Einstein that we don't know everything about Quantum Theory yet that makes the illogical effects of quantum entanglement make sense when we eventually figure out how it works.
  • @WhiskeyNixon
    That guy with the chalkboard outside, at the end of the show, he was basically telling us we very well may be in the Matrix. I mean, that was my takeaway. Cool outside chalkboard, btw.
  • Please when speaking on video turn the music off or way way down...decide if this is a music video or an information video please....
  • @sassulusmagnus
    Amazing stuff. One hopes that progress in the development of quantum computing is matched by developments in the prevention of its misuse.
  • @bhaz4012
    I can't help but imagine what it would be like to go back in time and show Einstein this video.
  • @1XX1
    Can we do the same experiment with the James Webb and the Hubble telescopes? Quantum "jumps" are incredibly interesting!
  • @bryandraughn9830
    So, what were you saying about the particle "BEFORE the observation"? I mean, how would you know?
  • @imetr8r
    These entanglement explanations never seem to explain in adequate "lay" terms why the particles did not have predetermined qualities at there creation. For example, how does one NOT know that particle "A" has "Up" spin while particle "B" already has "Down" spin before the measurement?